Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 22 Articles
The Triphala churna is one of the classical ayurvedic preparations which are prepared by mixing equal proportional mixture of powdered of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae), Terminalia belerica (Combretaceae) and Embellica officinalis (Phyllanthaceae). The present study was aimed to find out the anthelmintic activity of Triphala churna & its individual ingredients on Pheretima posthuma (Earthworms) along with its preliminary phytochemical study. Powdered triphala & its each component were extracted with hydro alcoholic solvent by Maceration process. The Albendazole drug was used as standard. The time required for the paralysis and death was recorded. It was found that the activity shown by aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Embellica officinalis and triphala churna is of considerable importance and almost equal to the effects shown by standard drug albendazole. The time taken for the induction of paralysis and death in both albendazole and triphala churna was almost same but the significant difference was observed in the case of comparison between albendazole and ingredients of triphala churna alone. Triphala churna was found to possess phytoconstituents in abundant amounts and possesses anthelmintic activity....
Based on literature L. esculentum shows action on central nervous system and specially acts on GABAA receptors. The anticonvulsant effects of alcoholic and petroleum ether extracts of tomato in maximum electric shock in mice was tested. Tomato fruits were collected dried, coarsely powdered and latter was soxhelated using petroleum ether and absolute ethanol and air dried to obtain sticky dried extract. Four groups of male Swiss Albino mice (20-30g) were used in this study. Group I animals received the normal saline for 15 days, Group II received standard drug phenytoin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days, Group III animals received tomato alcoholic extract (50 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days, Group IV animals received tomato petroleum ether extract (50mg/kg, p.o.) for 15 days. On 16th day the electroshock was delivered by using corneal electrodes. The intensity of stimulus was 50-100mA, 50Hz, for 0.2 sec. The animals were observed closely for 2 min and the parameters such as disappearance of the hind leg extensor, tonic convulsion was used as positive criterion. Percent of seizure inhibition relative to control was calculated. The tomato petroleum ether and alcoholic extracts significantly decreased the extension phase and clonic convulsive phase and showed protection in MES induced seizures when compared with phenytoin (p<0.01). The chronic administration of petroleum ether and alcoholic extracts significantly increased the tissue glutathione and decreased the malondialdehyde and protein level in brain (p<0.01). In conclusion, both the extracts of L. esculentum have shown potent anticonvulsant action in MES induced seizures....
The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Momordica dioica seeds in both normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by giving Streptozotocin (30-50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, rats which showed >250 mg/100 ml of blood were selected for the study. Metformin was taken as a standard drug at a dose of 50 mg/kg orally. OGTT was performed in normal and diabetic rats. The methanolic extract of M. dioica seed was prepared and administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg orally. The blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose-oxidase method. The hypoglycemic activity of M. dioica extract was observed in normal rats with significant decrease in blood glucose levels, (p<0.0001) at 1 hr, 2 hr and 4 hr. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of the test drug was observed with a significant reduction in blood glucose levels (p<0.0001) at 1 hr, 2hr and 4 hr respectively. Our results suggested that Momordica dioica seeds extract may have potent anti-diabetic activity, justifying the use of drug for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus....
In present study different extracts of Tiliacora acuminata were evaluated for their Anti-inflammatory activity. Hydro-alcoholic, Methanolic, Ethyl acetate and Hexane extracts at 200, 400 and 800mg/kg doses were tested for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model and paw thickness was measured every one hour up to 6 hrs. In Carrageenan induced inflammation model, methanolic extract of T. acuminata aerial parts at three different doses produced significant (P<0.001) reduction when compared to hydroalcoholic, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. The results obtained suggest marked Anti-inflammatory activity of T. acuminata extracts and supports the traditional use of this plant in some pain full and inflammatory conditions....
Peripheral neuropathy was induced in rats by administration of vincristine sulfate (50 μg.kg-1 i.p.) for 10 consecutive days. The mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, paw heat hyperalgesia and cold tail hyperalgesia were assessed by performing the pinprick, acetone, hot plate and cold tail immersion tests, respectively. Biochemically, the tissue thio-barbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and total calcium levels were measured. Vincristine administration was associated with the development of mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, heat and cold hyperalgesia. Furthermore, vincristine administration was also associated with an increase in oxidative stress and calcium levels. However, administration of ginseng (50 and 100 mg.kg-1 i.p.) for 14 days significantly attenuated vincristine-induced neuropathic pain along with decrease in oxidative stress and calcium levels. It may be concluded that ginseng has ameliorative potential in attenuating chemotherapy induced-painful neuropathic state, which may be attributed to decrease in oxidative stress and calcium levels....
Natural radical scavengers have recently received considerable interest owing to the role of free radicals in causing oxidative stress in living organisms. Flavonoids constitute one of the most important families of molecules with antioxidant activities, a characteristic associated with the presence in their structure of hydroxyl groups bound to aromatic rings. The present study aimed to study the anti-oxidant potential of isolated flavonoids from the ethanol extract (70%v/v) of Givotia rottleriformis bark. Three flavonoids were isolated viz., Rutin (I), Kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-β-D-galactopyranoside (II) and Luteolin-7-O-β-D-Glucuronide (III). A comprehensive study on the phytochemical contents-total phenolic content and flavonoid content was accessed using Folin-ciocalteu and AlCl3 method respectively. The antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated using inhibition of hydroxyl radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide scavenging methods. The total phenolic content and flavonoid content was found to be 13.80 % w/w and 5.7 % w/w respectively. The IC50 values of ethanol extract against hydroxyl, DPPH and nitric oxide radical were found to be 230 µg/mL, 220 µg/mL and 180 µg/mL respectively. The radical scavenging activity of the isolated flavonoids decreased in the following order: rutin (IC50 values 18, 15, 16 µg/mL) >luteolin (IC50 values 22, 20, 18 µg/mL) > kaempferol (IC50 values 25, 28, 24 µg/mL) respectively....
Urolithiasis is the presence of uroliths/calculi (stones) in the urinary tract. Amarathus viridis L is useful in treating urinary calculi. Hence the present study, made to establish the scientific validity for the antiurolithaitic activity of Amaranthus viridis L. Wistar rats divided into four groups containing six in each and kept in metabolic cages individually for entire duration of the experiment. All animals had free access to regular rat chow and drinking water ad libitum. Group I served as normal. Group II received ethylene glycol for 30 days. After administration of ethylene glycol for 15 days, group III received cystone, group IV were treated with aqueous extract of Amaranthus viridis. On 30th day of the experiment, animals were housed in metabolic cages and 24 hour urine samples and serum samples were collected. At the end all the animals were sacrificed. The urine and serum samples were used for estimation of biochemical parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, uric acid were determined. Deposition of crystal is indicated by increased blood levels and decreased urinary levels of biochemical parameters such as creatinine, uric acid with a decrease in blood level of calcium and increase urinary levels of calcium. Administration of aqueous extract enhanced the excretion of biochemical parameters and decreases their concentration in blood. In conclusion, the data revealed were suggested that Amaranthus viridis L. possess significant antiurolithiatic activity....
The purpose of the study was to assess antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya Linn. Seeds (EECPS) in diabetic rats. Male wistar rats weighing (150-180 g) were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. Group I served as control, Group II was treated with alloxan monohydrate (120mg/kg, i.p.), Group III was treated with glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.). Groups IV and V received EECPS (100 mg/kg) and EECPS (300 mg/kg) respectively, for 21 days. Blood samples were analyzed for Blood glucose (BG) on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 day. On day 28, blood samples were collected for the determination of serum insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Triglyceride, Total protein and Cholesterol. Antioxidant studies were carried out for estimating the levels of Super oxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, Catalase and Lipid peroxidation. Results showed that EECPS significantly (P<0.05) lowered BG, Serum insulin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Low density lipoprotein, and significantly (P<0.05) increased levels of high density lipoprotein, total protein and glycosylated haemoglobin. It is concluded that EECPS is effective in lowering blood glucose and has antioxidant properties, thus suggesting its potential use as an antidiabetic agent....
Eugenol is widely used for different illnesses including CNS disorders. Recently Eugenol containing drugs has been reported to prevent amyloid beta induced memory impairment in rodents. However, the influence of alone Eugenol on cholinergic system has not been explored so far. Therefore, present study was designed to investigate effect of Eugenol on memory, smell recognition, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in scopolamine induced memory impairment model. Rats were orally treated with Eugenol for ten days. Scopolamine was administered 5 min prior to acquisition trial and memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance test and Elevated plus-maze model and smell impairment was evaluated by smell sensation screening model. Oxidative stress parameters were estimated in rat’s brain at the end of behavioral studies. Further, effect of Eugenol and its fractions (40-80 μg/ml) on AChE activity was measured in vitro. Scopolamine caused memory impairment increased AChE activity and oxidative stress in rat’s brain. Eugenol significantly improved memory by showing significant positive results on behavioral models. However, AChE activity had not shown significant effect. Further, increased oxidative stress activity following scopolamine was significantly attenuated by Eugenol and its fractions. These observations suggest that Eugenol may be useful in memory impairment due to its effect on AChE and oxidative stress....
The various extracts of Tephrosia purpurea were investigated for its anti-arthritic activity in male albino rats. The evaluation of anti-arthritic activity was carried out using Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis model. Dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. The ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity as compared to other extracts. The doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea, Biochemical parameters were assayed. Rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT). The ethanol extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight inhibited the rat paw edema, which is comparable with standard drug Dexamethasone, inhibition of rat paw edema after 21 days. The results of the current investigation concluded, ethanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea Linn, possess a significant anti-arthritic activity against adjuvant induced arthritis and justifying its therapeutic role in arthritic condition....
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an incurable disease and lifelong therapy is required. Long term use of conventional synthetic drugs is associated with a spectrum of toxic effects. All the plants of the present polyherbal formulation have been traditionally used for the treatment of joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of polyherbal formulation by freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rat model. The proposed polyherbal formulation comprising eight different medicinal plants which are traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. Selected plants parts were collected, dried, extracted and by using these extracts polyherbal formulation, namely SJT-RA-06 was prepared which was evaluated by Complete Fraud’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis in Wistar albino rats. The degree of inflammation was evaluated by hind paw swelling, body weight, arthritic index and various biochemical and hematological parameters. Histopathologies of ankle joints were also studied. SJT-RA-06 has shown significant reduction (p<0.001) in paw swelling, arthritic index and various biochemical parameters in serum as compared with arthritic control animals in CFA induced RA. These results were supported histological evaluation of joints. In conclude, proposed herbal formulation, SJT-RA-06 possess significant anti-arthritic activity by inhibiting various inflammatory mediators like histamine, bradykinin, PGE2, interleukins and thereby by act on multiple targets to achieve optimal effect....
Adiantum capillus-veneris (Adiantaceae) is a fern reputed to have numerous applications in traditional medicine in the treatment of leprosy, animal bites, thyroid dysfunction and musculoskeletal disorder. The proposed study was aimed to investigate the potency of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris on the thyroid dysfunction - hypothyroidism in terms of determining thyroid gland weight, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity, estimation of iodine in urine, concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum. The weight of thyroid gland was decreased, while thyroid peroxidase activity, serum T4 (P<0.01) and serum T3 levels (P<0.01) were increased in animals treated with ethanol extract (500 mg/kg); but serum TSH level was decreased significantly (P<0.01) when compared with hypothyroid control animals. The SOD, Catalase and Glutathione antioxidant enzyme level were measured and lipid peroxidation was also determined. The results of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme assay indicated that the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly lowered and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased when treated with ethanol extract of Adiantum capillus (500 mg/kg). Polyphenolic compounds viz., quercetin and gallic acid were determined by HPTLC analysis. With the outlined results, Adiantum capillus could be used in the regulation of hypothyroidism....
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of standardized extract of rhizomes of Rhodiola rhodantha. In vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay. A significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage inhibition of free radicals and reducing power. In comparison to standard ascorbic acid the methanolic and chloroform extract of rhodanthus rhizome showed increased anti oxidant properties while the ethanolic extract showed remarkable improvement. These results clearly indicate that Rhodiola rhodantha is effective against free radical mediated diseases....
The objective of the present work is to investigate the wound healing activity of bark methanolic extract of Coccinea grandis in rats by simultaneous estimation of the essential biochemical parameters such as protein, DNA, uric acid and hexosamine levels along with excision wound model. The effect of the 5 and 10% w/w ointments of methanol extract of Coccinea grandis was evaluated by excision wound model. The study was carried out on four groups of rats containing six in each group. Nitrofurazone 0.2% was used as standard. The parameters like percentage of wound contraction on alternate days and epithelialization period were studied. In order to strengthen the work protein, DNA, uric acid and hexosamine estimations were also carried. Except control group, rest of the groups significantly (P<0.001) promoted the healing process and biochemical parameters in the wound model studied. The wound healing activity was more significant in treated group of animals due to increase in protein, DNA and stable levels of hexosamine and uronic acid....
The present investigation shows the traditional use of Eichhornia crasspies shoot in hepatoprotective agent in combination with CCl4 and Paracetamol in rats. Methods: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of shoots of Eichhornia crassipes were studied for their hepatoprotective effect. The degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin and total bilirubin and histopathological studies. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts at a dose level of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg produce significant hepatoprotection by comparison with control group. Results: Increasing the activity of bilirubin & total bilirubin, they significantly increased the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALP dose dependent manner and effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were comparable to that of standard drug, Silymarin. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of shoot of Eichhornia crassipes an effective hepatoprotective agent....
To evaluate hypolipidemic activity of crude extracts such as Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethanol and P. water extract of Viscum articulatum in albino mice and validate its traditional claim. Lipid profile such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in blood serum of albino mice was analyzed using Autopak Kit. Change in body weight of albino mice during treatment was observed statistically. Chloroform Extract of Viscum articulatum (CEVA) at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduces mean body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein level in blood serum of albino mice and increases high density lipoprotein level in blood serum of albino mice as compared to control. It was observed that chloroform extract of Viscum articulatum (CEVA) found more significant to exert the hypolipidemic effect....
The zyzipus moritiana leaves were collected from the area of Vishnupuri Nanded (MS). This leaf was used to check the anthelminetic activity of ethanolic extract of zyzipus moritiana concentration 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml 60mg/ml can be checked by this concentration. The standard drug albendazole is useful to check the anthelmintic activity (phertima posthma) of ethanolic extract. From observation and Results it can conclude that ethanolic extract of zizypus moritiana leaves found to possess better activity on worms with increasing concentration of extract. The ethanolic extract at concentration 60mg/ml shows significant activity as compare to the standard drug.To check the time for paralysis and time for death can be checked by this research work....
An endophytic fungus lives in mycelial form in biological association with the living plant, at least for some time. Some species of endophytic fungi have been identified as sources of anticancer, antidiabetic, insecticidal and immunosuppressive compounds. Here we investigated endophytic fungi associated with the plants Nerium oleander L. and Thevetia peruviana (Apocynaceae). Total 22 endophytic fungi were isolated from these plants. The antidiabetic activity was determined for two reprehensive species grown on improved Czapek’s broth medium. These endophytic fungi showed a mild antidiabetic activity. Our study showed that the endophytic fungi from Nerium oleander L. and Thevetia peruviana are potential source of the novel antidiabetic compounds....
The antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of the bark of Thespesia populnea was evaluated by using models of acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol induced and pylorus ligation in rats. Animals pretreated with doses of 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of ethanolic extract bark of Thespesia populnea by using ethanol induced and pylorus ligation models. It showed significant reduction in lesion index, total affected area and percentage of lesion in comparison with control group in the ethanol induced and pylorus ligation models. These findings indicate that aqueous extract of the bark of Thespesia populnea displays good antiulcer activity, corroborating the folk use of Thespesia populnea preparations, and contributing for its pharmacological validation....
Herbal medicines are plant derived materials and preparations with therapeutic or other human health benefits, which contain either raw or processed ingredients from one or more plants, inorganic materials or animal origin. Herbal medicine preparations are developed and created drugs by the modern pharmaceutical industry. Standardization and quality control depends upon the nature of crude drug and compound drugs, it’s source i.e. factors associated with raw materials which are beyond of human control like seasonal, geographical, age of the plant, time of collection, type of drying etc. due to these natural conditions. The percentage of chemical constituents of the drug does no remain uniform as our expectation. Physio-chemical studies like water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, ether soluble extract, hydro alcoholic soluble extract, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, were carried out as per the WHO guide lines. Analytical results showed total ash value of 11.8 to 12.8%. The amount of Acid insoluble ash was 2.53 to 2.66%. The water-soluble extractive value indicated the presence of sugar, acids and inorganic compounds. The water-soluble extractive value was found to be was 1.57 to 1.69%. The alcohol-soluble extractive value was found to be 1.0 to 1.4%. The water-soluble extractive value was found to be 4.8 to 5.5%. The formulations were found to be suitable for human use....
The main objective of this study was to investigate the protective role of ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum L against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Twenty Wistar male rats were randomly assigned into four groups. Group 1 served as a normal control. Group 2 received doxorubicin (8mg/kg, i.p) once daily for two days. Group 3 and Group 4 received ethanolic extract of C.sativum (100mg/kg, p.o) & (300mg/kg, p.o) respectively for 14 days and doxorubicin (8mg/kg, i.p) once daily for next two days. On 17th day animals were sacrificed, blood samples were used for biochemical tests whereas liver tissue was isolated for antioxidant and histopathalogical investigations. Rats that received Doxorubicin (8mg/kg, i.p) once daily for two days showed significant (P<0.05) increase in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Bilirubin (BIL), Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transamainase (SGOT), Total protein, and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and decrease in Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced gultathion (GSH) levels as compared to normal control. The animals treated with Coriandurm sativum (100mg/kg & 300mg/kg p.o) showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in ALP, Bilirubin, SGOT, Total protein, & LPO levels and increased CAT, SOD, GSH levels as compared to Doxorubicin group. Histopathological changes showed that DOX caused significant structural changes to liver which was reversed with Coriandrum sativum. Thus, the ethanolic extract of seeds of Coriandrum sativum extract has potential in preventing hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin....
Zingiber officinale Roscoe, commonly known as ginger belongs to the family Zingiberaceae is cultivated commercially in many parts of the world. It is used as a spice and flavoring agent and has many medicinal properties. However, only a limited amount of research exists to support their efficacy. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the spasmolytic effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on chicken intestine preparation in vitro method. About 2 cm length ileum segment was cut, mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution and continuously aerated and maintained at 37±0.5◦C. One end of the ileum was attached to aeration tube and the other end to an isotonic frontal writing lever attached to Sherrington recording drum with kymograph. Dose response curve of acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin were obtained and percentage contraction was recorded in presence and absence of Zingiber officinale extract (50,100 and 150μg/ml) and also compared with standard drugs like atropine, mepyramine and ondansetron. Effect of different concentration of Zingiber officinale extract was also recorded in acetylcholine induced contractions in the presence of nifedipine and BaCl2 and KCl induced contraction. Inhibitory effect of ZOE on various spasmogens acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin were dose dependent and completely reversible. Zingiber officinale extract might have exerted its antidiarrhoeal effect by antagonism on the acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin receptors. It may have caused blockade of muscarinic, histaminic or/and serotonin receptors or directly Ca2+channels. Spasmolytic effects of the extract of Zingiber officinale could be exploited for other therapeutic uses of the plant....
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